Treatment of spinal stenosis can be conservative or surgical. The modes of conservative therapy include rest, physical therapy with strengthening exercises for paraspinal musculature, bracing, use of optimal postural biomechanics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, analgesics, and antispasmodics. Surgical decompression is indicated in persons who experience incapacitating pain, claudication, neurologic deficit, or myelopathy. Concomitant stabilization is reserved for individuals in whom segmental instability is suspected (i.e., patients with spondylolisthesis showing abnormal movement).
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