• Anesthesiologists minimize pain during and after surgery, and can also have specialty training in the treatment of chronic pain.

• Neurologists diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system.

• Physiatrists are trained in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, a branch of medicine that deals with treating and preventing disease by physical means, including exercise, manipulation, and massage.

• Psychiatrists diagnose and treat mental health disorders.

Many other types of health care providers, including complementary and alternative health care professionals, can offer treatment for pain. Some of these include:

• Acupuncturists/Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners;

• Chiropractors;

• General internists;

• Massage therapists;

• Naturopaths;

• Nurse practitioners and nurses;

• Occupational therapists;

• Osteopaths;

• Physical therapists;

• Psychologists;

• Recreational therapists.

Mind-body therapies, such as meditation, yoga, and tai chi, can help in coping with pain. Although you can learn many mind-body practices from books and videos, beginners usually find it helpful to learn with an instructor. Many organizations, such as health clubs, hospitals, and community education, as well as private practitioners, offer classes and instruction in these therapies.

Pain clinics and pain rehabilitation centers specialize in the treatment of chronic pain and can offer a variety of treatments and programs to help manage pain.