Estimation of Primary Prevention of Gout in Men Through Modification of Obesity and Other Key Lifestyle Factors

Natalie McCormick 1 2 3 4, Sharan K Rai 4 5, Na Lu 4 6, Chio Yokose 1 2 3, Gary C Curhan 6 7, Hyon K Choi

Main idea: The findings of this cohort study suggest that addressing excess adiposity and other key modifiable factors has the potential to prevent the majority of incident gout cases among men. Men with obesity may not benefit from other modifications unless weight loss is addressed.

Abstract

Importance: The population impact of modifying obesity and other key risk factors for hyperuricemia has been estimated in cross-sectional studies; however, the proportion of incident gout cases (a clinical endpoint) that could be prevented by modifying such factors has not been evaluated.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of incident gout cases that could be avoided through simultaneous modification of obesity and other key risk factors.

Design, setting, and participants: The Health Professionals Follow-up Study is a US prospective cohort study of 51 529 male health professionals enrolled in 1986 and followed up through questionnaires every 2 years through 2012. Self-reported gout cases were confirmed through June 2015. Clean and complete data used for this analysis were available in June 2016, with statistical analyses performed from July 2016 to July 2019.

Exposures: Men were categorized into low-risk groups according to combinations of the following 4 factors: normal body mass index (BMI), no alcohol intake, adherence to a DASH-style diet, and no diuretic use.

Main outcomes and measures: Population attributable risks (PARs) for incident gout meeting the preliminary American College of Rheumatology survey criteria, overall and stratified by BMI.

Results: We analyzed 44 654 men with no history of gout at baseline. During 26 years of follow-up, 1741 (3.9%) developed incident gout. Among all participants, PAR for the 4 risk factors combined was 77%. Among men with normal weight (BMI <25.0) and overweight (B BMI 25.0-29.9), we estimated that more than half of incidents. gout cases may have been prevented by the combination of a DASH-style diet, no alcohol. intake, and no diuretic use.

Source NIH